Pyramids of Giza, Arabic Ahrāmāt Al-Jīzah, Giza also spelled Gizeh, three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 BCE) pyramids erected on a rocky plateau on the West Bank of the Nile near Al-Jīzah (Giza) in northern Egypt. In past they were included among the Seven Wonders of the planet . the traditional ruins of the Memphis area, including the Pyramids of Giza, Ṣaqqārah, Dahshūr, Abū Ruwaysh, and Abū Ṣīr, were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979.
The designations of the pyramids—Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure—correspond to the kings for whom they were built. The northernmost and oldest pyramid of the group was built for Khufu (Greek: Cheops), the second king of the 4th dynasty. Called the good Pyramid, it's the most important of the three, the length of every side at the bottom averaging 755.75 feet (230 metres) and its original height being 481.4 feet (147 metres). the center pyramid was built for Khafre (Greek: Chephren), the fourth of the eight kings of the 4th dynasty; the structure measures 707.75 feet (216 metres) on all sides and was originally 471 feet (143 metres) high. The southernmost and last pyramid to be built was that of Menkaure (Greek: Mykerinus), the fifth king of the 4th dynasty; all sides measures 356.5 feet (109 metres), and therefore the structure’s completed height was 218 feet (66 metres). All three pyramids were plundered both internally and externally in ancient and medieval times. Thus, the grave goods originally deposited within the burial chambers are missing, and therefore the pyramids not reach their original heights because they need been almost entirely stripped of their outer casings of smooth white limestone; the good Pyramid, for instance , is now only 451.4 feet (138 metres) high. That of Khafre retains the outer limestone casing only at its topmost portion. Constructed near each pyramid was a mortuary temple, which was linked via a sloping causeway to a valley temple on the sting of the Nile floodplain. Also nearby were subsidiary pyramids used for the burials of other members of the royalty .
Khufu’s pyramid is probably the foremost colossal single building ever erected on the earth . Its sides rise at an angle of 51°52′ and are accurately oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass. the good Pyramid’s core is formed of yellowish limestone blocks, the outer casing (now almost completely gone) and therefore the inner passages are of finer light-coloured limestone, and therefore the interior sepulcher is made of giant blocks of granite. Approximately 2.3 million blocks of stone were cut, transported, and assembled to make the 5.75-million-ton structure, which may be a masterpiece of technical skill and engineering ability. the interior walls also as those few outer-casing stones that also remain in situ show finer joints than the other masonry constructed in ancient Egypt.
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